The Emotional expressions of mothers with children in the 5-6 age group

Emotional expressions

https://doi.org/10.24130/eccdjecs.1967202481493

Yazarlar

Özet

Bu araştırma 5-6 yaş grubunda çocuğu olan annelerin duygu ifadelerini incelemeyi amaçlamaktadır. Araştırma nicel araştırma yöntemlerinden tarama modeli kullanılarak gerçekleştirilmiştir. Araştırmanın örneklemini, kolay ulaşılabilir örnekleme yöntemi ile belirlenen ve okul öncesi eğitim kurumuna devam eden 5-6 yaş grubu çocuğa sahip 296 anne oluşturmuştur. Araştırma verileri Duyguları İfade Etme Ölçeği ve kişisel bilgi formu kullanılarak toplanmıştır. Araştırma sonucunda, 5-6 yaş grubunda çocuğu olan annelerin duygu ifade düzeylerinin yüksek olduğu ve annelerin eğitim durumu değişkenine göre duygu ifade düzeylerinin farklılaştığı belirlenmiştir. Yükseköğretim mezunu olan annelerin duygu ifade düzeylerinin ortaöğretim mezunu annelerden daha yüksek olduğu ortaya çıkmıştır. Annelerin duygu ifadelerinde, yaş, sahip olunan çocuk sayısı, çalışma durumu ve eşi ile birlikte yaşama durumu değişkenlerinin istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir fark oluşturmadığı belirlenmiştir.

Referanslar

Arığ, S. (2019). Emotional intelligence and emotional expression as predictors of depression in unıversity students [Üniversite öğrencilerinde depresyonun yordayısı olarak duygusal zekâ ve duyguları ifade etme] (Master's Thesis). Biruni University, İstanbul.

Asadi, M., Ghasemzadeh, N., Nazarifar, M., & Sarvandani, M. N. (2020). The effectiveness of emotion-focused couple therapy on marital satisfaction and positive feelings towards the spouse. International Journal of Health Studies, 6(4), 36-40. http://dx.doi.org/10.22100/ijhs.v6i4.804

Aznar, A., & Tenenbaum, H. R. (2015). Gender and age differences in parent–child emotion talk. British Journal of Developmental Psychology, 33(1), 148-155. https://doi.org/10.1111/bjdp.12069

Behrendt, H. F., Scharke, W., Herpertz‐Dahlmann, B., Konrad, K., & Firk, C. (2019). Like mother, like child? Maternal determinants of children's early social‐emotional development. Infant Mental Health Journal, 40(2), 234-247. https://doi.org/10.1002/imhj.21765

Bornstein, M. H. (2009). Toward a model of culture-parent-child transactions. In A. Sameroff (Eds.), The transactional model of development: How children and contexts shape each other (pp. 139–161). American Psychological Association. https://doi.org/10.1037/11877-008

Bornstein, M. H., Suwalsky, J. T., & Breakstone, D. A. (2012). Emotional relationships between mothers and infants: Knowns, unknowns, and unknown unknowns. Development and Psychopathology, 24(1), 113-123. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0954579411000708

Brophy-Herb, H. E., Stansbury, K., Bocknek, E., & Horodynski, M. A. (2012). Modeling maternal emotion-related socialization behaviors in a low-income sample: Relations with toddlers’ self-regulation. Early Childhood Research Quarterly, 27(3), 352-364. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecresq.2011.11.005

Brownell, C. A., Svetlova, M., Anderson, R., Nichols, S. R., & Drummond, J. (2013). Socialization of early prosocial behavior: Parents’ talk about emotions is associated with sharing and helping in toddlers. Infancy, 18(1), 91-119. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1532-7078.2012.00125.x

Cameron, L. D., & Overall, N. C. (2018). Suppression and expression as distinct emotion-regulation processes in daily interactions: Longitudinal and meta-analyses. Emotion, 18(4), 465–480. https://doi.org/10.1037/emo0000334

Cantekin, D., & Akduman, G. G. (2020). The relationship between mothers’ attitudes towards child rearing and their children’s emotion management skills [Annelerin çocuk yetiştirme tutumları ile çocuklarının duygularını yönetme becerileri arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi]. Anatolian Journal of Psychiatry, 21(1), 87-92. doi: 10.5455/apd.47631

Chervonsky, E., & Hunt, C. (2017). Suppression and expression of emotion in social and interpersonal outcomes: A meta-analysis. Emotion, 17(4), 669–683. https://doi.org/10.1037/emo0000270

Collier, G.(2014). Emotional expression. Psychology Press.

Corapci, F., Friedlmeier, W., Benga, O., Strauss, C., Pitica, I., & Susa, G. (2018). Cultural socialization of toddlers in emotionally charged situations. Social Development, 27(2), 262-278. https://doi.org/10.1111/sode.12272

Cox, M. , & Harter, K. S. M. (2003). Parent-child relationships. In M. H. Bornstein , L. Davidson , C. L. M. Keyes , K. A. Moore & The Center for Child Well-being (Eds.), Well-being: Positive development across the life course (pp. 191-204). Lawrence Erlbaum.

Çarkit, E., & Yalçin, S. B. (2018). Thought errors of the university students and how their expressing emotions predict their perfectionism attitude [Üniversite öğrencilerinin düşünce hataları ve duyguları ifade etmelerinin mükemmeliyetçilik tutumlarını yordaması]. Sakarya University Journal of Education, 8(1), 195-210. https://doi.org/10.19126/suje.367429

Davis, E., Greenberger, E., Charles, S., Chen, C., Zhao, L., & Dong, Q. (2012). Emotion experience and regulation in China and the United States: How do culture and gender shape emotion responding? International Journal of Psychology, 47(3), 230-239. https://doi.org/10.1080/00207594.2011.626043

Degotardi, S., & Torr, J. (2007). A longitudinal investigation of mothers’ mind‐related talk to their 12‐to 24‐month‐old infants. Early Child Development and Care, 177(6-7), 767-780. https://doi.org/10.1080/03004430701379280

Denham, S. A., Bassett, H. H., Brown, C., Way, E., & Steed, J. (2015). I know how you feel: Preschoolers’ emotion knowledge contributes to early school success. Journal of Early Childhood Research, 13(3), 252-262. https://doi.org/10.1177/1476718X13497354

Denham, S. A., Bassett, H. H., Thayer, S. K., Mincic, M. S., Sirotkin, Y. S., & Zinsser, K. (2012). Observing preschoolers’ social-emotional behavior: Structure, foundations, and prediction of early school success. The Journal of Genetic Psychology, 173(3), 246-278. https://doi.org/10.1080/00221325.2011.597457

Denham, S. A., Mitchell-Copeland, J., Strandberg, K., Auerbach, S., & Blair, K. (1997). Parental contributions to preschoolers' emotional competence: Direct and indirect effects. Motivation and Emotion, 21(1), 65-86. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1024426431247

Denham, S. A., Bassett, H. H., & Wyatt, T. M. (2010). Gender differences in the socialization of preschoolers’ emotional competence. In A. Kennedy Root & S. Denham (Eds.), New directions for child and adolescent development: No. 128. The role of gender in the socialization of emotion: Key concepts and critical issues (pp. 29– 49). Jossey-Bass.

Dumlupınar, E. O., Mercan, N., Şaylan, O., & Buran, A. Ç. (2012). A resource on expressing feelings and communication skills in the business environment [İş ortamında duyguları ifade etme ve iletişim becerileri üzerine bir araştırma]. Journal of Organization and Management Sciences, 4(1), 1309–8039. Retrieved February 8, 2022, from https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/oybd/issue/16339/171087

Eisenberg, N., Smith, C. L., & Spinrad, T. L. (2011). Effortful control: Relations with emotion regulation, adjustment, and socialization in childhood. In K. D. Vohs & R. F. Baumeister (Eds.), Handbook of self-regulation: Research, theory, and applications (pp. 263–283). Guilford Press.

Fosco, G. M., & Grych, J. H. (2007). Emotional expression in the family as a context for children's appraisals of interparental conflict. Journal of Family Psychology, 21(2), 248-258. https://doi.org/10.1037/0893-3200.21.2.248

Fredrickson, B. L. (2001). The role of positive emotions in positive psychology: The broaden-and-build theory of positive emotions. American Psychologist, 56(3), 218–226. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.56.3.218

Fredrickson, B. L. (2004). The broaden–and–build theory of positive emotions. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences, 359(1449), 1367-1377. https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2004.1512

Frye, N., Ganong, L., Jensen, T., & Coleman, M. (2020). A dyadic analysis of emotion regulation as a moderator of associations between marital conflict and marital satisfaction among first-married and remarried couples. Journal of Family Issues, 41(12), 2328-2355. https://doi.org/10.1177/0192513X20935504

Greenaway, K. H., & Kalokerinos, E. K. (2017). Suppress for success? Exploring the contexts in which expressing positive emotion can have social costs. European Review of Social Psychology, 28(1), 134-174. https://doi.org/10.1080/10463283.2017.1331874

Gross, J. J. (1999). Emotion and emotion regulation. In L. A. Pervin & O. P. John (Eds.), Handbook of personality: Theory and research (pp. 525–552). Guilford Press.

Gross, J. J., & John, O. P. (1995). Facets of emotional expressivity: Three self-report factors and their correlates. Personality and İndividual Differences, 19(4), 555-568. https://doi.org/10.1016/0191-8869(95)00055-B

Gross, J. J., & John, O. P. (1997). Revealing feelings: Facets of emotional expressivity in self-reports, peer ratings, and behavior. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 72(2), 435–448. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.72.2.435

Gross, J. J., & John, O. P. (2003). Individual differences in two emotion regulation processes: Implications for affect, relationships, and well-being. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 85(2), 348–362. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.85.2.348

Gruber, J., Mauss, I. B., & Tamir, M. (2011). A dark side of happiness? How, when, and why happiness is not always good. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 6, 222–233. https://doi.org/10.1177/1745691611406927

Güler, K., & Tuncay, M. (2021). Investigation of the relationship between early maladaptive schemas and the ability to express emotions [Erken dönem uyum bozucu şemalar ve duyguları ifade edebilme becerisi arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi]. International Anatolian Journal of Social Sciences, 5(4), 1385-1405. https://doi.org/10.47525/ulasbid.1012088

Gürbüz, S., & Şahin, F. (2014). Research methods in social sciences [Sosyal bilimlerde araştırma yöntemleri]. Seçkin Publishing.

Hajal, N. J., & Paley, B. (2020). Parental emotion and emotion regulation: A critical target of study for research and intervention to promote child emotion socialization. Developmental Psychology, 56(3), 403–417. https://doi.org/10.1037/dev0000864

Hareli, S., Kafetsios, K., & Hess, U. (2015). A cross-cultural study on emotion expression and the learning of social norms. Frontiers in Psychology, 6, 1-12. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2015.01501

Işık-Uslu, A. E., & Turan, F. (2021). Mothers' emotional conversations with their children: their relationship with mothers' beliefs about emotions and their child's emotion regulation skills [Annelerin çocuklarıyla duygu içerikli konuşmaları: annelerin duygulara ilişkin inançları ve çocuğun duygu düzenleme becerileri ile ilişkisi]. Turkish Psychologi Journal, 36(87), 39-62. doi: 10.31828/tpd1300443320190916m000027

Jacobs Bao, K., & Lyubomirsky, S. (2012). The rewards of happiness. In I. Boniwell & S. David (Eds.), Oxford handbook of happiness (pp. 119–133). Oxford University Press.

Jasper, J. M. (1998). The emotions of protest: Affective and reactive emotions ın and around social movements. Sociological Forum, 13, 397–424. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1022175308081

Jenkins, J. M., Turrell, S. L., Kogushi, Y., Lollis, S., & Ross, H. S. (2003). A longitudinal investigation of the dynamics of mental state talk in families. Child Development, 74(3), 905-920. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8624.00575

Kashdan, T. B., Barrett, L. F., & McKnight, P. E. (2015). Unpacking emotion differentiation: Transforming unpleasant experience by perceiving distinctions in negativity. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 24, 10–16. https://doi.org/10.1177/0963721414550708

King, L. A. (1993). Emotional expression, ambivalence over expression, and marital satisfaction. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 10(4), 601-607. https://doi.org/10.1177/0265407593104008

King, L. A. & Emmons, R. A. (1990). Conflict over emotional expression: Psychological and psysical correlates. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 58(5), 64-877. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.58.5.864

Koçak, R. (2005). The effect of emotional expression education program on university students' alexithymia and loneliness levels [Duygusal ifade eğitimi programının üniversite öğrencilerinin aleksitimi ve yalnızlık düzeylerine etkisi]. Turkish Psychological Counseling and Guidance Journal, 3(23), 29-45. Retrieved January 20, 2022, from https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/tpdrd/issue/21444/229862

Kuzucu, Y. (2011). Adaptation of the emotional expression questionnaire: validity and reliability studies [Duyguları ifade etme ölçeğinin uyarlanması: Geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması]. Kastamonu Education Journal, 19(3), 779-792. Retrieved January 10, 2022, from https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/kefdergi/issue/49049/625719

Liman, B. (2020). The effect of 66-77 months old preschool children’s sex and parental education levels on emotion recognition and emotion regulation skills [Cinsiyet ve anne-baba eğitim düzeyinin 66-77 aylık okul öncesi çocukların duyguları tanıma ve duygu düzenleme becerilerine etkisinin incelenmesi]. The Journal of Turkish Social Research, 24(1), 209-222. Retrieved December 15, 2021, from https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/tsadergisi/issue/53617/554853

Lunkenheimer, E., Hamby, C. M., Lobo, F. M., Cole, P. M., & Olson, S. L. (2020). The role of dynamic, dyadic parent–child processes in parental socialization of emotion. Developmental Psychology, 56(3), 566–577. https://doi.org/10.1037/dev0000808

Mazzuca, S., Kafetsios, K., Livi, S., & Presaghi, F. (2019). Emotion regulation and satisfaction in long-term marital relationships: The role of emotional contagion. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 36(9), 2880-2895. https://doi.org/10.1177/0265407518804452

Meyer, S., Raikes, H. A., Virmani, E. A., Waters, S., & Thompson, R. A. (2014). Parent emotion representations and the socialization of emotion regulation in the family. International Journal of Behavioral Development, 38(2), 164-173. https://doi.org/10.1177/0165025413519014

Nelson, J. A., Leerkes, E. M., O'Brien, M., Calkins, S. D., & Marcovitch, S. (2012). African American and European American mothers' beliefs about negative emotions and emotion socialization practices. Parenting, 12(1), 22-41. https://doi.org/10.1080/15295192.2012.638871

Neuman, W. L., & Robson, K. (2014). Basics of social research. Pearson Canada.

Ortony, A., Clore, G. L., & Collins, A. (1990). The cognitive structure of emotions. Cambridge University Press.

Özdemir-Kemahlı, H. P. (2019). Creating high quality marriages: a study on the experiences of happy couples [Yüksek nitelikli evlilikler yaratmak: mutlu çiftlerin deneyimleri üzerine bir araştirma] (Doctoral Dissertation). Marmara University, İstanbul.

Patton, M. Q. (2005). Qualitative research. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Pekrun, R., Goetz, T., Titz, W., & Perry, R. P. (2002). Positive emotions in education. In E. Frydenberg (Eds.), Beyond coping: Meeting goals, visions, and challenges (pp. 149–174). Elsevier.

Roseman, I. J., & Smith, C. A. (2001). Appraisal theory. In K.R. Scherer, A. Schorr, & T. Johnstone (Eds.), Appraisal processes in emotion: Theory, methods, research (pp. 3-19). Oxford University Press.

Serim, F., & Cihangir Çankaya, Z. (2015). The prediction of adults’ psychological help seeking attitude [Yetişkinlerin psikolojik yardım arama tutumlarının yordanması]. Ege Journal of Education, 16(1),177-198. doi:10.12984/eed.79026

Şipit, G. (2019). The effects of attachment styles on expressing emotions and empathic disposition abilities in adults [Yetişkin bireylerde bağlanma stillerinin duyguları ifade etme şekilleri ve empatik eğilim yeteneklerine etkileri] (Master's Thesis). İstanbul Gelişim University, İstanbul.

Tronick, E. Z. (2018). Emotions and emotional communication in infants. In J. Raphael-Leff (Eds.), Parent-infant psychodynamics: Wild things, mirrors and ghosts (pp. 35-53). Routledge.

Yedirir, S., & Hamarta, E. (2015). Emotional expression and spousal support as predictors of marital satisfaction: The case of Turkey. Educational Sciences: Theory and Practice, 15(6), 1549-1558. https://doi.org/10.12738/estp.2015.6.2822.

Yayınlanmış

2024-07-04

Nasıl Atıf Yapılır

Öngören, S. (2024). The Emotional expressions of mothers with children in the 5-6 age group: Emotional expressions. Erken Çocukluk Çalışmaları Dergisi, 8(1), 52–69. https://doi.org/10.24130/eccdjecs.1967202481493

Sayı

Bölüm

Araştırma Makaleleri